This study offers a comparative analysis of construction risk management practices in the United Kingdom (UK) and Türkiye, focusing on regulatory frameworks, technological integration, and practical methodologies. The UK, utilizing the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) and ISO 31000, exemplifies a mature, systematic approach. Advanced tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Monte Carlo simulations, and Event Tree Analysis (ETA) have improved safety compliance by 35%, schedule adherence by 20%, and cost efficiency by 15% in projects like Crossrail. In contrast, Türkiye’s evolving framework, based on Building Inspection Law No. 4708, employs hybrid methodologies that merge traditional risk matrices with emerging tools like scenario planning. The Istanbul New Airport Project exemplifies this adaptability, with a 25% improvement in safety compliance and a 20% reduction in delays. The findings underscore the importance of contextualized risk strategies, advanced technology integration, and global collaboration. Challenges include inconsistent enforcement, limited digitalization, and infrastructural constraints in emerging markets. Future research should examine integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain into risk management and pursue longitudinal studies to assess long-term effects. This study contributes to global construction discourse by proposing scalable, adaptable strategies for optimizing risk management across varied regulatory and economic contexts.  

Keywords - Construction Risk Management, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Monte Carlo Simulation, Hybrid Risk Methodologies, Regulatory Frameworks in Construction, Urban Mega-Projects, Comparative Case Study

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