Interior lighting profoundly affects health, perception, and comfort. This study investigates key lighting parameters—intensity, spectrum, exposure timing, and spatial layout—and their physiological and psychological effects. Based on scenario simulations, this paper analyzes melatonin suppression, eyestrain, stress, and vitamin D synthesis across three interior environments: residential, office, and classroom. Examples include real-world applications like circadian lighting in Scandinavian schools, glare control in open-plan offices, and daylight-integrated hospital rooms. The study concludes that dynamic, human-centric lighting is vital for health-supportive environments.

Keywords - interior lighting, visual comfort, circadian rhythm, health impact, glare, melatonin suppression

[1] R. Gifford, Environmental Psychology: Principles and Practice, 5th ed. Optimal Books, 2014.

[2] A. J. Galetta, Percezione e Neuroscienze: Il ruolo della luce. FrancoAngeli, 2014.

[3] D. Ginthner, “Lighting: Its Effect on People,” The Center for Health Design, vol. 6, pp. 1–10, 2002.

[4] G. M. Figueiro et al., “Analysis of Compact Fluorescent Lights...,” Photochem. Photobiol., vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 591–597, 2010.

[5] A. Ladopoulos, “Human-Centric Lighting Design: A Framework...,” Buildings, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 1125, 2023. (2002) The IEEE website. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieee.org/

[6] G. K. Stoyanov, “Impact of Adaptive Lighting Systems...,” UACEG, 2024.

[7] Q. Huo, “Intelligent Lighting System for Health,” M.S. thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology, 2016.

[8] P. R. Boyce, Human Factors in Lighting, London: Applied Science Publishers, 1981.

[9] F. H. Mahnke and R. H. Mahnke, Color and Light in Man-Made Environments, Wiley, 1987.

[10] ERCO, Handbook of Lighting Design, ERCO GmbH, 2013.

[11] D. Tiller, “Lighting and Human Behavior,” Architectural Lighting, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 18–22, 1990.

[12] R. Flynn et al., “Lighting and the Visual Environment for Task-Oriented Spaces,” LD+A, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 32–41, 1973.

[13] W. Köhler, Gestalt Psychology, Liveright, 1947.

[14] F. Birren, Light, Color and Environment, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969.

[15] “Lighting for the Elderly,” Wikipedia. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighting_for_the_elderly

[16] A. J. Wilkins et al., “Fluorescent Lighting, Headaches and Eyestrain,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 11–18, 1989.

[17] N. E. Rosenthal et al., “Antidepressant Effects of Light in Seasonal Affective Disorder,” Am. J. Psychiatry, vol. 142, pp. 163–170, Feb. 1985.

[18] R. J. Cremer et al., “Influence of Light on the Hyperbilirubinemia of Infants,” Lancet, vol. 1, p. 1094, 1958.

[19] H. Hellman, “Guiding Light,” Psychology Today, Apr. 1982.

[20] M. S. B. A. Rashid, Physiological Reactions to Light: The Understanding of Lighting Design Through Health and Visual Safety, M.S. thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 2002.

[21] R. Gregory, Ed., The Oxford Companion to the Mind, Oxford Univ. Press, 1987.

[22] CIE, International Lighting Vocabulary, Publication 17, 1970.

[23] J. Lemaigre-Voreaux and P. Lemaigre-Voreaux, “Lumitherapy for Mood Disorders,”

[24] R. Küller, “The Influence of Light on Circannual Rhythms in Humans,” Journal of Physiological Anthropology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 87–91, 2002.

[25] F. Birren, “Human Response to Color and Light,” Hospitals, Jul. 16, 1979, p. 122.

[26] P. R. Boyce, “Defining Light Quality,” presented at HiLIGHT ’92 Conference, London, 1992.

[27] “Light Effects on Circadian Rhythm,” Wikipedia. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_effects_on_circadian_rhythm

[28] Veld, T., van Bommel, W., and ten Holt, S., “Daylight and Productivity in Office Workers: A Field Study,” TU Eindhoven Report, 2018.

[29] Licht.de, “Human Centric Lighting in Schools,” Licht.de, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.licht.de

[30] NIH, “Lighting and the Circadian System,” National Institutes of Health, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734149/

[31] [31] VELUX, “Healthy Buildings Case Studies,” VELUX Group, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.velux.com

[32] IESNA, Lighting Handbook, 10th ed., Illuminating Engineering Society, 2020.

[33] S. Balart, C. Tenías, F. Martínez-Tomás, et al., “Daylight illuminance levels, user preferences, and cognitive performance in offices using immersive virtual environments,” Building and Environment, vol. 257, 2024, Art. no. 111187. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111187