The rapid growth of city populations and the increasing complexity of managing city infrastructure have led to the emergence of smart cities, which rely on advanced technologies to optimise urban services. However, one of the key challenges facing smart cities is to improve continuous citizen engagement and trust in these technologies. This paper proposes a Blockchain Smart City Gamification Framework (BSGF) that integrates gamification and blockchain to enhance citizen engagement, transparency and trust in smart city ecosystems. The framework includes five key components: city service interaction, blockchain-based data management, smart contracts, token economies and gamified feedback loops. The BSGF provides transparency and accountability in city governance by leveraging the decentralised and immutable nature of blockchain, while gamification techniques encourage desirable behaviours such as environmentally friendly activities and civic engagement. Through a review of existing literature and examination of the design of the framework, this paper highlights the potential of BSGF to address the challenges of citizen engagement in smart cities and presents a novel approach to the intersection of technology, governance and behaviour change.

Keywords - Blockchain, Smart city, Gamification, Urban centres, Gamifying

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